Malnutrition And Liver Disease Health And Social Care Essay

Background and Aims: Malnutrition is a accepted complication of chronic liver disease with of import predictive deductions. Hepatitis C virus liver disease spans a spectrum from chronic hepatitis C, to compensated cirrhosis, and eventually decompensated cirrhosis. Our purpose was to measure the nutritionary position of patients with hepatitis C virus liver disease. Methods: Patients were prospectively enrolled from the out-patient clinics, and categorized into 4 distinguishable populations of 100 patients each: Healthy controls ( HC ) , those with chronic hepatitis C infection ( CHC ) , compensated cirrhotics ( CC ) and decompensated cirrhotics ( DC ) . The validated subjective planetary appraisal tool was used to measure nutritionary position. Consequences: A sum of 400 patients were enrolled, every bit divided amongst the 4 groups. Most of the patients in the HC group were category A ( best nutritionary position ) . In contrast the bulk ( 68 % ) in the DC group were in the category C ( worst position ) . While 86 % of patients in the CHC group had a category A SGA mark, merely 10 % of the CC did. The nutritionary position showed a declining from Class A to C through the 4 groups which was statistically important ( p-value & lt ; 0.001 ) . Decision: Malnutrition occurs early, and progresses unrelentingly throughout the spectrum of HCV disease. Cardinal words: Malnutrition, nutritionary position, hepatitis C virus, liver diseaseIntroductionThe relationship between malnutrition and liver disease has been presuming greater significance due to the acknowledgment that it is associated with inauspicious clinical results. Malnutrition is present in 65-90 % of patients with advanced liver disease and in about 100 % of campaigners for liver transplantation.1, 2. Cirrhotic patients who are malnourished non merely hold a higher morbidity, but besides an increased mortality rate.3, 4. The badness of malnutrition correlatives straight with the patterned advance of the liver disease.5, 6 The main ground for the malnutrition in these patients is hapless unwritten consumption, which may be due to a assortment of causes. Vitamin A and/or Zn lack may give rise to an altered sense of gustatory sensation 7. The dietetic limitations that are normally recommended to these patients, such as limitation of Na, protein, and fats, can deter equal unwritten consumption by rendering nutrient bland. The presence of failing, weariness, and brain disorder may besides lend to reduced unwritten intake8. Malabsorption is another critical ground why patients with advanced hepatic disease go malnourished. A decrease in the bile-salt pool may take to fat malabsorption,9, or bacterial giantism may ensue from impaired small-bowel motility.10 The presence of portal high blood pressure has besides been blamed as a cause of malabsorption and protein loss from the GI track.11, 12 In add-on, the disposal of medicines used in the intervention of hepatic brain disorder may besides lend to malabsorption.13 Hepatitis C virus liver disease spans a spectrum from chronic hepatitis degree Celsius, to compensated cirrhosis, and to eventually decompensated cirrhosis. While the open malnutrition associated with cirrhosis has been documented in literature, there is small informations sing the nutritionary position of patients who have simple chronic hepatitis C, with no grounds of terrible liver disfunction, apart from raised aminotransferases, or the remunerated cirrhotic, and how they compare to the normal population. This information is all the more relevant in the underdeveloped universe, where deficiency of instruction and consciousness, and unavailability to good wellness attention lead to misinformation. Often faith therapists, traditional medical specialty specializers ( hakims ) , quacks and household members enforce rigorous and unneeded dietary limitations, preponderantly of fat and protein, which initiate and worsen nutritionary position. Given these facts, it would be prudent to test all patients with liver disease for nutritionary abnormalcies to place those at hazard of developing malnutrition.14 Subjective planetary appraisal ( SGA ) is a tool that combines multiple elements of nutritionary appraisal to sort the badness of malnutrition signifier mild to severe.15 These constituents are recent weight loss, alterations in dietetic consumption, GI symptoms, functional capacity, marks of musculus cachexia, and the presence of presacral or pedal hydrops. The SGA is an first-class tool to measure nutritionary position in many diseases, and has an interobserver duplicability rate of 80 % .16 Simple bedside methods like the SGA have been shown to place malnutrition adequately ; the usage of more complex hiting systems has non proved superior17.4 M. Plauth, M. Merli, J. Kondrup, P. Ferenci, A. Weimann and M.E.S.P.E.N. Muller, Guidelines for nutrition in liver disease and organ transplant, Clin Nutr 16 ( 1997 ) , pp. 43-55. Abstract | PDF ( 1653 K ) | View Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus ( 163 )Materials and MethodsPatients were enrolled from the out-patient hepatology clinics a t the Aga Khan University Hospital in a prospective mode. After a elaborate appraisal by the doctor which included a history and scrutiny, patients were categorized into 4 distinguishable populations of 100 patients each: Healthy controls ( HC ) , those with chronic hepatitis C infection ( CHC ) , compensated cirrhotics ( CC ) and decompensated cirrhotics ( DC ) . Healthy controls were the attach toing house-hold members ( gender and closest age matched ) of the patients who were assessed to be healthy after a history, scrutiny and a negative HCV antibody testing trial. The controls were exposed to the same socio- economic conditions as the patients, and showing of household members of the index patient is standard pattern at our infirmary. CHC patients were those who had grounds of HCV viraemia, raised aminotransferases, normal liver man-made map, and an ultrasound of the liver demoing a healthy liver, without grounds of portal high blood pressure, such as a dilated portal vena, or splenomegaly. Patients were classified as holding CC when they had no history of decompensation, and an ultrasound screening characteristics of cirrhosis A ± portal high blood pressure, but no ascites. Finally DC were those who had either a history or physical scrutiny compatible with a diagnosing of decompensation, or a ultrasound demonstrating free fluid in the venters. Decompensation was defined as any episode of variceal hemorrhage, ascites, or porto-sytemic brain disorder. The SGA signifier was filled in all cases by the adviser doctor himself. A nutritionary history was besides noted, with peculiar mention to any protein or fat limitation. Written, informed consent was taken from all the survey participants, and the survey was approved by the university moralss commission.ConsequencesA sum of 400 patients were enrolled, every bit divided amongst the 4 groups. Age and gender were comparable in all 4 groups ( Table 1 ) . Most of the patients in the HC group were category A harmonizing to the SGA, and there were none in category C. In contrast the bulk ( 68 % ) in the DC group were in the category C, while merely 4 % were in the A class. The nutritionary position showed a gradual passage from Class A to C, with a 3rd of CC and the bulk of DC all hiting a C on the SGA. Fourteen per centum of patients with CHC besides scored a B on the SGA. ( Graph 1 )DiscussionThis is the first survey to document the nutritionary position of patients across the whole spectrum of hepatitis C virus infection. Most of the literature has been devoted to the nutritionary facets of cirrhotic and pre graft patients,18, 19 but as our survey shows, that the downslide begins much earlier, even before cirrhosis sets in. Even when these patients visit their doctors for other complaints, the nutritionary lack may non be realized, so the procedure continues unabated, until blunt malnutrition sets in. The huge bulk of patients across all the cohorts were on a diet that was restricted in protein and fat content in changing sums. This stems from the false but steadfast belief that when the liver is affected, it should non be â€Å" burdened † with Calories. This pattern, which is endorsed non merely by patients and their households, but besides unluckily by ill-informed doctors, is likely the ground why up to 14 % of patients with merely CHC are reasonably malnourished, and that the bulk of CC patients are reasonably or overtly malnourished. The major alteration in SGS position in our survey was seen between the CHC and the CC cohort of patients, and this is where the focal point of nutritionary intercession should be. Patients with CHC should be expected to hold the same degree of nutrition as HC, as no important liver harm has occurred, but this was n't the instance. Up to 14 % of such patients had a moderate nutritionary value, most probably a consequence of caloric and protein limitation. Poor nutritionary position contributes to tire, anaemia, and infection, all of which impair successful HCV intervention, as intervention itself causes cytopenias and profound weariness. Patients who are in better nutritionary wellness are more likely to digest intervention side-effects, require less break of intervention, or dose decreases, and hence have a more successful result, as compared to those who are nutritionally depleted20, 21. The CC group besides had a really alarmingly little figure of patients who were good nourished ( 10 % ) . The huge bulk ( 56 % ) were reasonably nourished, and a important figure ( 34 % ) were malnourished. The chief ground we feel, for such a high figure of cirrhotics to be malnourished is PCM, which promotes katabolism, hypoalbuminemia. This is a really delicate group of patients-while they are compensated, they already have extended hepatic harm. Malnutrition accelerates their slide towards decompensation, as there is a direct correlativity between the patterned advance of the liver disease and the badness of malnutrition.5, 20 Patients with cirrhosis who are malnourished have a higher rate of hepatic brain disorder, infection, and variceal bleeding.18, 22 They are besides twice every bit likely to hold stubborn ascites.1 All of these events in a cirrhotic have high mortality rates. Multiple surveies have reported a correlativity between hapless nutritionary position and mortality, and malnutrition is an independent forecaster of mortality in patients with cirrhosis.3, 23 It is no admiration so, that the nutritionally worst group has the maximal figure of patients who have decompensated cirrhosis, followed by CC. Using modes such as media runs, out-patient guidance, and awareness cantonments may all function to contend the disinformation that takes the topographic point of right information, when it is non supplied by the wellness attention supplier. Doctors should besides be made cognizant of non merely the importance of nutritionary rating and guidance in all patients with hepatitis C infection but besides its regular appraisal at follow up visits. Patients should be encouraged to take as normal and balanced a diet as possible, including protein, which is routinely restricted in our scene. The establishment of a bland, protein and Calorie restricted diet is non warranted, and should be counseled against at every brush with the patient and their attenders. Even in advanced cirrhosis, protein should merely be restricted during a period of encephalopathy, and salt should be restricted if there is pedal odema and/or ascites.23, 24Decision:Malnutrition exists throughout the spectrum of HCV disease. It occurs early in the disease procedure, and is grim, with of import predictive effects. Poor unwritten consumption, malabsorption, but most significantly, protein Calorie limitations are all responsible for the province. It is therefore, imperative to measure the nutritionary position of all patients with chronic liver disease and to optimise nutrition in these patients. Malnutrition is a potentially reversible status that, when identif ied and corrected, can take to improved patient results. This survey paperss the baseline nutritionary position of a big cohort of patients in our scene, and provides informations upon which other nutrition interventional surveies may be based.

Reflection Summary Essay

The previous week’s objectives covered PowerPoint in Microsoft Office, Presentation Tools, and System Development Life Cycle (SDLC). What could be applicable to your workplace or personal, and how your knowledge has increased as a result of what you experienced through the learning activities. We learned about presentation tools that are available in the marketplace and their advantages and disadvantages that they may have. Our team agreed that Microsoft Power Point is the most common and most used in the workplace and market place. We were all very familiar with how the system works, we all have worked with Power Point before. We were all very comfortable with Microsoft Power Point. There are many other presentation tools that can be used, and that are available but overall the most common is Microsoft Power Point. The next topic we had discussed was about what business go through to implement new technology. The second discussion question posted we learned was in regards to six stages of the systems development life cycle. The system development life cycle (SDLC) has six processes in which information system is process: systems investigation, system analysis, systems design, programming and testing, implementation, and operation and maintenance. These six processes are important for organizations to use when deciding on an information system; however, these processes are not only for organization, but also for personal use as well. When deciding whether to get a new operation system for a personal computer, you can have some of the same challenges. Consumers have to decide what kind of budget they have, what will the system do for them, and will the system last for a long time before having to get another system. We didn’t realize what business have to go through to implement new technology into the business plan. We learned that it can be a very long, in depth and costly process to implement a new system in the work place. In conclusion, we have learned many great things as a team about Microsoft power point, and presentation. How everyone uses power point for work and personal life. We also learned about System Development Life Cycle (SDLC). How the process can be long and expensive depending on the system  requirements. We agreed and disagreed on many things but in the end we were able to learn from one another. Working as team has made it better and easier to learn, we each collaborated on putting this reflection summary together. It has made it an even better learning experience working together as a team.

Perinatal Depression In Black Women Health And Social Care Essay

Perinatal depression is defined as depression which has either originated during gestation or one twelvemonth station kid birth. [ 1 ] The overall prevalence of perinatal depression is estimated to be 14.5 % per centum of all the gestations in the United States. [ 2 ] The estimated prevalence of perinatal depression in African American adult females is higher than white adult females. [ 3 ] Perinatal depression is multi factorial. Major hazard factors for perinatal depression are undiagnosed depression in the prenatal period, bing major depressive upset, past history of gestation with post-partum depression. The chief hazard factors hypothesized are low socio-economic position, societal isolation, increased prevalence of confidant spouse force, increased figure of unwanted gestations, increased religionism, cultural factors such as stigma associated with seeking mental wellness services, deficiency of societal support and societal detachment, increased high hazard behaviour such as smoke, alcohol addiction and drug maltreatment during gestation, increased prevalence of HIV/AIDS and self perceived favoritism. Surveies show that African American adult females from interior metropolis countries have GED instruction and a few adult females have a college grade. Unwanted gestation in teenage, deficiency of entree to exigency preventives, and reduced use of abortion services are the causes for higher rates of high school dropouts in these adult females. Food, lodging and occupation insecurities are more frequently seen in adult females from interior metropolis. Odd work hours, deficiency of insurance or under insurance, high strain occupations have inauspicious effects on the wellness of the female parent. Unsafe vicinities and deficiency of supermarkets can restrict the entree to fresh fruits and veggies. Most adult females depend on nutrient casts for their monthly food markets. Low SES Poor Health, Depression Social isolation reported by adult females with perinatal depression. Studies show that most adult females are individual female parents with no fellows or hubbies. Lack of societal support and societal detachment are other societal barriers experienced by these adult females. Lack of cognition on parenting, nutrition, contraceptive method during gestation, services available through plans like Healthy Start, WIC and how to voyage through these systems for wellness attention are the major countries where support services are either losing or non easy available. Many African American adult females are either victims of physical, emotional, sexual or more than one signifier of confidant spouse force. Rape and incest are really normally reported signifiers of sexual maltreatment. Intimate spouse force can ensue in low ego regard and do adult females more prone to depression during gestation. Besides, culprits are more likely to be drug maltreaters and may forcefully expose the adult females to drugs. The unmet demand for exigency preventive in African American adult females is higher than white adult females. The rate of elected abortions in African American adult females is lower than white adult females. The barriers to exigency preventive are cost, deficiency of information about the timing of exigency preventive usage, cultural barriers such as guilt and shame. It is estimated that the prevalence of unwanted gestation in the United States is 50 % . The mean age of maternity in African American adult females is in early 20s versus late 20s and mid 30s for white adult females. Besides of all the uninsured or underinsured female parents, bulk are African American. Surveies suggest that African American adult females prefer psychotherapeutics compared to pharmacotherapy. Black adult females are more likely to go to church than white adult females and they approach spiritual leaders in the church for support. Increased religionism is one of the drive grounds for decreased and less frequent abortions in African American adult females and increased figure of unwanted gestations. Many Orthodox Catholic churches do non approve preventive usage in any signifier and promote abstain merely methods for contraceptive method. Some surveies suggest that using mental wellness is perceived as a societal stigma in African American adult females particularly among Haitians. High hazard behaviours such as smoke and utilizing street drugs during gestation are more prevailing in African American adult females. These adult females are more likely to hold past history of engagement in drug trafficking and many have pending eviction or public-service corporation cuts. It is hard to badger out whether depression caused the usage of drugs or the usage of drugs caused depression. Public Health impact Complications of perinatal depression are placental abnormalcies, self-generated abortions and preeclampsia. Depressed female parents have hapless female parent to child fond regard and chest provender less often. Perinatal depression additions maternal morbidity and decreases overall good being by doing day-to-day life damage. Depressed female parents have increased pre term birth associated with high rates of low births. The babies of down female parents have higher prevalence of perinatal birth complications and more frequent NICU admittances. Some surveies suggest that these babies may confront developmental issues and may non turn to allow percentile for age. As down female parents feed their babies less often, there can be an increased hazard of diarrhoeas due to bottle provenders. Depressed female parent Sick babe Healthy Start Initiative is a federal enterprise to supply mental wellness services for low income African American adult females. hapless referral and usage of mental wellness services Federal degree Including support services for mental wellness Intervention The barriers experienced by the African American adult females can be structural, knowledge based and attitudinal. The structural barriers can run from deficiency of coverage by insurance, inability to pay, inadequate kid attention, transit troubles and distance to go to clinic. The normally seen cognition barriers are deficiency of clip, non cognizing whom to reach, how to put up and assignment, non cognizing what intervention might be the best for oneself. The attitudinal barriers include worrying what others would believe, concerns about effectual aid one can acquire, deficiency of household support for acquiring the intervention and trouble in going motivated to seek intervention. Problem work outing instruction Medicine is impermanent Skills can be used over life clip Negative life events can act upon mental wellness Case directors can play the function of job work outing instruction Administration of BECK trial. Mild to chair depression can be eligible for the job work outing instruction. Severe depression can be provided with engagement interview to assist voyage through mental wellness service Describe job work outing instruction Describe battle interview 0-3-6 Focus groups instance directors, adult females having job work outing instruction, engagement interview Culturally acceptable, more unfastened ended Provides something for everybody Decreases the load on community mental wellness Centres Can better the use of mental wellness services Breast feeding support groups Social support group Policy degree support to develop the instance directors Church based activities Education on contraceptive method Breastfeeding, abortion support groups Weak job work outing accomplishments and life jobs make a individual more prone to depression. There is besides rearward causing, as depression additions, the ability to place and work out job lessenings. Problem work outing accomplishments will authorise the adult females to hold a sense of control on their jobs and utilize them in the hereafter to forestall depression. Problem work outing therapy will assist adult females place their jobs and happen realistic solutions to them. It will besides supply adult females with a systematic problem-solving scheme. & A ; acirc ; ˆ?Engagement interview is an individualised, psychosocial intercession, based on an integrating of rules and techniques of ethnographic interviewing ( EI ) and motivational interviewing ( MI ) . & A ; acirc ; ˆA? This methodological analysis can turn to cultural barriers experienced by low income adult females and offer a curative scheme to prosecute adult females in mental wellness services. The interview is based on unfastened ended inquiries technique and is delivered over 45 to 60 proceedingss to run into the specific demands of the client. The motivational constituents address working with ambivalency. Ethnographic rules on the other manus aid to research in a non judgmental mode the values and experiences of the clients. Recognitions Rosie Munoz-Lopez Xandra Negron Emily Fineberg Barbara Gottlieb 1. Gaynes BN, G.N. , Meltzer-Brody S, Lohr KN, Swinson T, Gartlehner G, Brody S, and M. WC. , Perinatal depression: prevalence, testing truth, and testing results. Evid Rep Technol Assess ( Summ ) , 2005 Feb. 119: p. 1-8. 2. Sit DK, F.C. , Svidergol D, White J, Wimer M, Bish B, Wisner KL, Best patterns: an emerging best pattern theoretical account for perinatal depression attention. Psychiatr Serv. , 2009 Nov. 60 ( 11 ) : p. 1429-31. 3. O'Mahen, H.A. and H.A. Flynn, Preferences and perceived barriers to intervention for depression during the perinatal period. J Womens Health ( Larchmt ) , 2008. 17 ( 8 ) : p. 1301-9.

Eugene onegin Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Eugene onegin - Essay Example A dandy, deprived strict moral values and norms, he goes on the booze. Through this character, Pushkin depicts the gap between expected, traditional, usual things and reality people try to escape. He shows that perception of the world was limited by traditions and values imposed by their society. â€Å"Tatyana leaves Onegin kneeling, / looks at him with a steady gaze† (Pushkin). This remark shows that Tatyana is deeply hurt by Onegin who ruins her life and Olga’s happiness. The surface of her story is limpidly clear and beguilingly placid, but Pushkin’s use of it is to enforce by close logic an impossible and often very shocking proposition driven with distinct and startling imagery. Onegin deserves his fate because his desire to possess love of Tatiana is nothing more than dissatisfaction of the past that resulted in losses and hopelessness. On the other hand, I sympathize with this character because love becomes a vein sacrifice that is painful and sorrowful causing terrible sufferings and emotional burden for people. Quite early Onegin explores the meaning and significance of money and social status in life which brings him no good: â€Å"Onegin, my good friend, was littered / and bred upon the Nevas brink’ (Pushkin). On the other hand, Pushkin’s contribution to the pessimism which characterizes so much of the important writing of the ninetieth century was to probe the inner recesses of human behavior to see by what instincts people are governed. Onegin proposes a view of mans essential nature: greedy and rakish. In practice it is possible and desirable to create new law and values, because new environment forces people to change their personal priorities and morals. Social ideology and way of life typical for many young people of his age is the main cause of his suffering and fate. â€Å"Onegin swiftl y came to know / his tale of youthful love, narrated / with deep emotion through and through, / to us, though,

Should my profession get license Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Should my profession get license - Essay Example Hence, this is a high responsibility job. Therefore, should healthcare administration professionals get license? According to me, healthcare administration must be viewed as a managerial job equivalent to a managerial position in any other industry. Healthcare administration degree must be treated equivalent to a MBA degree. Yes, healthcare industry is dynamic and also sensitive due to its nature. But, healthcare administrators will not make an impact as that of a medical professional like a doctor or a nurse. Hence, a license must not be required to become a healthcare administration professional. A healthcare professional must have understanding of the law. Healthcare administrator with good understanding of the law will not only be able to protect himself but also their employers and even the patients (Gassiot et al., 2010). They must be tested to ensure that they are competent of doing the job and can handle the responsibility, But a license should not be mandatory to become a healthcare

ESSAY/ ARGUMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

/ ARGUMENT - Essay Example Money matters are the most widely discussed subjects around the world, not to mention a most sensitive one that can cause even siblings to battle among themselves. Politicians talking about money, especially not their own money but the citizenry’s might be most hated and controversial and this makes imposing taxes on people difficult. This paper discusses the implementation of taxes in the eyes of Christie, the real problem behind taxation and the beneficiaries of taxation. Labor unions and laborers may not consider it humane when a cut is imposed on their salaries but looking at the possibility of a government planned by the people, without taxes would mean no health benefits, no pensions and no help from the government. Democracy as the United States is, looks at the best interest of the people and does not exist to let the people unattended. Christie’s battle for a 1.5 percent tax imposed on teachers, cops and firefighters shows he understands this and his adherence to his mother’s advice as told by the governor himself, â€Å"Christopher, you’re going to have choices in your life between being loved and being respected. And you should choose respected.

Competencies questions answers grammar correcting Essay

Competencies questions answers grammar correcting - Essay Example Throughout this role I have gained sound organization, time management, leadership attributes, communication compactness and self motivation experience. The same reflect on a number of key achievements: Maintaining a comprehensive knowledge and understanding of the latest products and services available, regularly analyzing and cross referencing current products and services available in order to establish suitability Maximizing sales by not just effectively identifying customers’ individual requirements and subsequently offering viable product and service solutions, but also through the identification and escalation of cross selling opportunities Self motivation – apart from my academic studies at the university, I learnt Japanese as my fourth language which clearly shows that I am a self-motivated person. This enables me to use my self-motivation to balance my work, study and social life in the future which will work towards a professional qualification Strong analysis – I have strong analytical skills – not just through economic and finance studies, but also working on my dissertation that involved extensive research, data collection, model hypothesis, data analysis and results’ interpretation which developed excellent time management and organization skills within my repertoire Teamwork – I also have excellent teamwork consciousness which was acquired from not just academic history, but also from past employments through effectively participating in group works and working hand in hand with the colleagues towards the common goals Hewitt operates in a highly competitive financial service industry which has successes that rely on the supereminence of individuals and team performance. Therefore, my key strengths are valuable intangible assets for Hewitt At the age of 23, in the year 2006 when I had just

Motivations For Attendance At Notting Hill Festival Literature review

Motivations For Attendance At Notting Hill Festival - Literature review Example The Notting Hill carnival has been taking place on the last weekend of August each year since 1965. The carnival has become a major London and national event with over a million people attending each year. The carnival began as a way to address hate crime as well as race riots that took place in 1958. Since then, the carnival continues to be an anti-hate crime event endorsing racial harmony and the celebration of differences. The event not only brings together the black community but also tourists and Londoners alike in the biggest street festival in Europe. This study will seek to understand the fundamental magnitudes of motivations for attending the famous Notting Hill Carnival. The study will also try to discover why visitors’ numbers have decreased over the last six years of the Notting Hill Carnival. Finally, the study will analyse whether overcrowding and disruptive behavior has an effect on visitation. This research is important because it will bring awareness and critical understanding for the reason behind tourists or individuals attending the famous ‘hallmark event’; Notting Hill Carnival. Hallmark events is said to be an event that occurs in a town, city or region each year, on a specific date or around a specific time. For instance, Notting Hill Carnival occurs every year on the August bank holiday Sunday and Monday. Richie (1984, p. 2) defines hallmark events as: Major one-time or recurring events of limited duration, developed primarily to enhance awareness, appeal and profitability of a tourism destinat ion in the short term and/or long term. Such events rely for their success on uniqueness, status, or timely significance to create interest and attract attention. Notting Hill is a prime example of a well-known Hallmark event, which is why the study focuses on the key motivational factors for tourists attending the yearly event as well as importance of continuous attendance at the event. 1.2 Why Recent research has focused on visitor motivation and they experience they seek within music festival (Pegg & Patterson, 2010, p. 86). Consequently, not many studies have

Vietnam's Market Potential Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Vietnam's Market Potential - Case Study Example As Vuong, Q.H. (2003) states, Vietnam provides a very potential market for Pepsi products. There is great amount of interest in these products and raw materials are locally available from agricultural commodities that are produced in large quantities. In every meeting, the first question is if they should go to Vietnam. Many global companies have preceded Americans in venturing in Vietnam. Daewoo by South Korea was the only large investor but other companies that have heavily invested in Vietnam are Sony Honda, Toshiba, and British Petroleum bad Peugeot. The first US Company to market legally in Vietnam was Carrier, which windows air conditioners which appeared in Ho Chi Minh City and Hanoi stores. Pepsi and coca cola companies were also first to venture in Vietnam. Vietnamese Market Potentials and Challenges Experts believe that the market of Vietnam has great long term potentials. However, compared to Thailand, it is less economically developed, and it might take it a minimum of two decades to reach the economic level of Thailand today. However, the location of the country at the center of Asia, together with enough low wage work-force powerfully attracts foreign investors into the country like a magnet. Presence of neighboring countries like Thailand and Malaysia which are fast developing has made Vietnam lag behind. Politically, the Vietnam War isolated it from industrial west as well as United States. Recently, the country has tried to solve many problems with Chinese government and currently, china is an important economic ally of Vietnam. Vietnamese population is so poor that they only earn $200 per capita (International Monetary Fund, 2010). This may still offer sufficient market for Pepsi products like tomato and chili sauces. Infrastructure is also under developed where only 10% of roads are paved and electricity is also very unreliable (Anonymous). However, manufacture of Pepsi may not be affected because raw materials are readily available within the locality and labor force is sufficient and cheap. For every 100 people, there is rarely a telephone available and the system of banking is underdeveloped too. However, Vietnamese communist party is currently struggling to adapt market economy principle and bureaucracy. With layers built up in decades of the rules of communist, which slow change pace. State committee for investment and cooperation is the key agency and because every agency wants to make the final decision, then the investment climate must be improved, if Pepsi and other companies are to thrive well in this country. How Western Countries can Help Improve the Political Climate in Vietnam Western countries can sign business contracts with Vietnam in order to improve the market conditions in Vietnam, besides ensuring a ready market for the produc ts. Western countries should also stop interfering with foreign affairs of Vietnam, so as to prevent political wars that are frequently witnessed in Vietnam. Diplomatic relations with Vietnam, for example the one reestablished by president Clinton on 11th July, 1995, should be encouraged among western countries because they boost business in Vietnam (Anonymous). Lack of diplomatic relations in Vietnam makes Vietnamese exports difficult to enter western countries markets like US because their tariffs are prohibitive. However, despite the initiatives of Washington, Vietnam does still qualify to the status of favored nation. Bilateral trade agreements can also help open up foreign investment trade in Vietnam besides giving exporters of Vietnam western markets accessibility and this may also largely benefit Pepsi. For example, the US and Vietnam bilateral trade agreement in July 2000 allowed Vietnamese exporters to easily access US markets, thus widening their market and hence

My Life, My Religion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

My Life, My Religion - Essay Example The Bible or the hymn book was my only choices so I choose the storybook. My parents decided to allow me to read, I suppose because it kept me from sleeping or fidgeting. My interest in this very long and difficult to comprehend book grew over time as did the time invested in exploring it. I began reading at home during episodes of boredom. This experience during my early teen years changed my outlook and shaped my philosophy of life. As I read, what I thought was important became rather meaningless. I began to develop a much different set of values than my friends, neighbors, and family. What fascinated me the most were the first four books of the New Testament. I found the words of Christ simple, to the point and ultimately a path to inner contentment. The Bible gave me the foundation of what I have built upon since my youth. Since then, I have read other philosophical and religious books and found they do not contradict, in fact, they support the tenets found in the Bible. Though the roots of my viewpoint begin with the Bible, I do not consider myself Christian, far from it. Most religions I know including and especially Christianity teach that ‘we are the right path to God’ therefore no other belief system is valid. My interpretation of Christ’s words leads me to believe the division is ultimately destructive for the individual and society. Rather, I concluded that inclusion and finding the similarities help bind us all together. The words of Christ allowed me to develop a new viewpoint which teaches the path to real happiness. In my case, this involves thinking in ways that bolster my self-respect, what makes me proud of me. Others, of course, have different views on what makes them happy such as ‘if I make more money, I’d be higher on the social ladder’ or ‘if I had more control over my life, I’d be happy then.’Â  

Why Did Revolutions Break Out in Germany and Italy in 1848 Essay Example for Free

Why Did Revolutions Break Out in Germany and Italy in 1848 Essay The Spring of Nations, which consisted in the popular uprisings and revolutions that occurred in 1848, was caused by a series of factors which included social, economical and government crisis. Although these problems were serious and well eradicated, the major factor that caused these revolts was the rise of nationalist and liberalist ideas. When in 1845 a combination of massive crop failure in a mainly agricultural subsistence economy and a overproduction followed by an underconsumption of goods typical of the early industrialization led to a destructive economic crisis and recession. That year the potato blight, which was a vegetal desire that affected tubers such as potatoes, struck Europe making entire countries which their whole agriculture, since the Spanish brought the potatoes in Europe in the late 1400s, was based on the growth of this crop. Because of this disease, countries such as Ireland and Germany faced a great lack of food. The following year also a grain failure made the situation, if possible, even worse. This lack of food caused the prices of aliments to rise incredibly to the point where the daily pay of a factory worker wasnt enough to buy food to feed his family, of corse supposing that the factory worker didnt get fired because of the fall in demand of industrial products. With such an economical situation riots and acts of violence soon broke out. In 1846 the peasants in the Austrian provence of Galicia revolted against their landlords burning the documents regarding their feudal dues and attacking wealthy people. Similar hunger-driven acts of violence occurred in all of Europe. Soon the Austrian army put down the revolt but no actions were taken by the government to solve the problems that made it happen. The combined effect of a agricultural lesser production and the industrial overproduction affected negatively trade. Exports and imports dropped in all of Europe, even in the tax free zones such as the Zollverein where in three years the cotton exports dropped by 40%, and this angered greatly the people who controlled commerce at that time: the middle class. Although the middle class didnt start to riot straight away, this tension due to the economic losses will drive them towards liberal ideas and off from supporting the traditional government. After Napoleons definitive defeat in 1815, the liberals and the other carriers of the French revolutions ideas lost the hope to see reform brought out directly from the government. In a absolute monarchic Europe where these ideas were suppressed there was no space for political opposition because the governments outlawed any right of speech or press. Because of this repressive situation, secret societies started rising. Both nationalistic and liberalistic driven, these societies had the goal to promote reform and patriotism thus inspiring the people, especially the middle class, to revolt and embrace radical ideals. Major evidence of the popular will of independence and reform, was the burn ing of puppets which represented the leaders of the ancient regime. Particularly popular especially in the German Confederation, Italy and Hungary was the burning of puppets representing the maximum exponent of conservatism and reactionism: Prince Klemens von Metternich. The counter-liberalist policies carried out by the members of the holy alliance, Austria, Prussia and Russia, were ineffective. By censuring the press and removing the right of speech, the people didnt stop asking for change and reading about these ideas but they started to feel more repressed thus angering the people. Since the French revolution of 1789, Europe had been struck with innovative enlightened ideas such as the rights of man, the idea of universal suffrage (not including though women) and the idea of political liberalism. These ideas were mostly successful in the middle class which, over the past 250 years, became increasingly richer due to trade, banking and manufactory substituting de facto the nobility as most rich class. Although the middle class obtained economical power, the states offices were run by aristocrats and nobles appointed by the king. The middle class started growing resentment towards the monarchy and wanted their economical power to match their political power which, at the moment, they didnt have. Because of the repressive acts issued by the governments, especially the Austrian one, any kind of manifestation of liberal or nationalist ideas was to be punished (often with exile or prison), so secret societies started rising. These secret societies had the aim to promote liberalism and nationalism throughout actions against the governments. Mazzini, an italian radical, found Young Italy and Young Europe to promote the ideas spawned by the revolution. Although there were many secret societies, the most prominent was the italian Carbonari. The Carbonari were responsible and financed both the 1821 and 1848 uprisings in Italy. In conclusion all the factors that led to the Spring of Nations were important, especially the economic crisis and the famine because it angered the lower class making them too riot and revolt against the government, but without the nationalistic and liberal ideas that came along with the revolt made the difference. If it hasnt been for those ideals the Spring of Nations would have only been a mass of angry peasants rioting for the food shortages.

Oscilloscope and Digital Voltmeter Essay Example for Free

Oscilloscope and Digital Voltmeter Essay A voltmeter is an instrument used for measuring the electrical potential difference between two points in an electric circuit. Analog voltmeters move a pointer across a scale in proportion to the voltage of the circuit; digital voltmeters give a numerical display of voltage by use of an analog to digital converter. Voltmeters are made in a wide range of styles. Instruments permanently mounted in a panel are used to monitor generators or other fixed apparatus. Portable instruments, usually equipped to also measure current and resistance in the form of a multimeter, are standard test instruments used in electrical and electronics work. Any measurement that can be converted to a voltage can be displayed on a meter that is suitably calibrated; for example, pressure, temperature, flow or level in a chemical process plant. General purpose analog voltmeters may have an accuracy of a few per cent of full scale, and are used with voltages from a fraction of a volt to several thousand volts. Digital meters can be made with high accuracy, typically better than 1%. Specially calibrated test instruments have higher accuracies, with laboratory instruments capable of measuring to accuracies of a few parts per million. Meters using amplifiers can measure tiny voltages of micro volts or less. Part of the problem of making an accurate voltmeter is that of calibration to check its accuracy. In laboratories, the Weston Cell is used as a standard voltage for precision work. Precision voltage references are available based on electronic circuits. and supply voltage variations. To ensure that a digital voltmeters reading is within the manufacturers specified tolerances, they should be periodically calibrated against a voltage standard such as the Weston cell. Digital voltmeters necessarily have input amplifiers, and, like vacuum tube voltmeters, generally have a constant input resistance of 10 megohms regardless of set measurement range. A digital voltmeter, or DVM, is used to take highly accurate voltage measurements. These instruments measure the electrical potential difference between two conductors in a circuit. DVMs are electric voltmeters, and the preferred standard, as they offer several benefits over their analog counterparts. Voltmeters are used to measure the gain or loss of voltage between two points in a circuit. The leads are connected in parallel on each side of the circuit being tested. The positive terminal of the meter should be connected closest to the power supply. In turn, the negative terminal would be connected after the circuit being tested. The analog dial or digital display will exhibit the voltage measurement. In this circuit, Atmel AT89C51 microcontroller is used for controlling the ADC and LCD display devices. ADC 0804 is used for analog to digital conversion. Port2 of AT89C51 microcontroller is used to interface with LCD display. The control lines of LCD are interfaced with Port3 Register Select – P3.0 Read/Write – P3.1 Enable – P3.2 The 11.0592Mhz crystal is used. Theory behind calculation of Voltage divider circuit The input voltage to ADC should not increase 5V and the maximum I/p Voltage to voltmeter is 15V only. So, the design of voltage divider circuit as follows where Vmax = Maximum i/p voltage to voltmeter, Vip = i/p voltage to ADC R1 and R2 are resistance of voltage divider circuit. Digital voltmeters (DVM) The first digital voltmeter was invented and produced by Andrew Kay of Non-Linear Systems (and later founder of Kaypro) in 1954. Digital voltmeters are usually designed around a special type of analog-to-digital converter called an integrating converter. Voltmeter accuracy is affected by many factors, including temperature

Evaluation Methods in Empirical Economics

Evaluation Methods in Empirical Economics Evaluation methods in empirical economics fall into five broad categories; each provides an alternative approach for constructing the counterfactual. Alternative evaluation methods depend on several criteria like; a) nature of the program i.e. whether the program/policy is local or national, small scale or global, b) nature of questions to be answered, and c) nature of data available (Blundell and Dias 2000). Heckman et.al (1997, 1998a,b) showed that data quality is also a crucial ingredient for the determination of the appropriate estimation strategy. Both in the case of large scale and small scale impact evaluation work, randomized assignment is often used. It is a fair allocation rule. Because the program manager ensures that, every eligible person or unit has the same chance of receiving the program. When the observation will be very large, any characteristic (either observed or unobserved) will flow through treatment and comparison group; if they are created through randomised assignment. An evaluation is internally valid; if it uses a valid comparison group; and when the impact estimated in the evaluation sample can be generalised to the total population, that evaluation will be called externally valid. Randomized assignment is used, when there exists excess demand for a program and when a program needs to be phased until it covers the entire population. (Gertler et.al 2011). In the Progresa program, where cash was transferred to poor mothers in rural Mexico for their children’s enrolment in school; Schultz (2004) based on the randomized assignment found that, educational grants to rural poor mothers had an effect on the enrolment.. In the paper â€Å"Expanding credit access: using Randomized Decisions to estimate the Impacts’, (Karlan and Zinman 2008), the authors concluded that, marginal loans produced significant net benefits for borrowers over a wide range of outcome by using randomized experiment. In assessing the effect of performance based payment on the use and quality of maternal and child health services provided by health-cares in Rwanda, Basinga et.al (2011) concluded that, financial performance incentives (i.e. payment for performance) could improve the use and quality of maternal and child health services. Vermeersch by using randomised technique examined that, school participation was 30% greater in twenty five Kenyan schools where a free breakfast was introduced than in twenty five comparison schools( Vermeersch 2002). Kremer et.al (2002) evaluated a program where a nongovernmental organisation provided uniforms, textbooks, and classroom construction to seven schools that were randomly chosen from fourteen poorly performing schools in Kenya and found that, dropout rates was considerably low in treatment schools. In evaluating a twice-yearly school based mass treatment program in Kenya, where inexpensive de-worming drugs were provided ( as intestinal worm among children was highly prevalent) in seventy five schools which were randomly selected, Miguel and Kremer (2003a) found that, the absenteeism rate in treatment schools lowered down by 25%. From randomized evaluation , it was found that, provision of textbooks in schools in Kenya increased the test scores by about 0.2 standard deviation, but there was an increase in test score of those students who had scored well (top 20-40%) in the pre-test exam before the intervention of the program. They also found that, text book provision didn’t affect the test scores of bottom 60% students (Glewwe et.al 2002). Seva mandir, an Indian NGO, runs in Indian villages, introduced a program, where a second teacher (preferably woman) was randomly assigned to twenty one out of forty two schools in non formal education centres. Banerjeee et.al(2002) evaluated this program by monitoring the attendance of both teachers and children and found that, the number of closing days reduced after the introduction of the program (i.e. 44% in one- teacher and 39% in two- teacher). They also found the participation of girls also increased. Banerjee et.al (2003) evaluated the impact of a remedial education program introduced by Pratham, an Indian NGO, where young women were hired from the communities and were providing remedial education to children in Government school. On an average, after two years of the program, they found that, the test scores of the students increased by 0.39 standard deviation. Moreover, the bottom level children gained the largest out of this program. They also concluded that, hiring remedial education teachers from community is 10 times more cost effective than hiring new teachers. Glewwe et.al (2003) evaluated a program where parent school committees were providing gifts to teachers whose students were performing well and concluded that, the test scores f the students who were a part of the program initially increased but later on fell back to the level of comparison group at the end of the program. In the evaluation of a Colombian program for extending the coverage of secondary school ( Programa de Amlplication de cobertura de la Education Secundaris), where vouchers for private schools were allocated by lottery due to the limitation of program’s budget, Angrist et.al (2002) took the advantage of randomly assigned treatment and found that, lottery winners were 15-20% more likely to attend private schools, 10% more likely to complete the 8th grade and scored on an average 0.2 standard deviation higher on standardised tests. Randmised promotion method is similar to that of the randomised offerings. Under this method, we randomly select the units to whom we promote the treatment; instead of randomly selecting units to whom we offer the treatment. By doing so, we leave the program open for every unit. There are three types of units under randomised promotion method:1) Always- always they want to enrol in the program, 2) Enroll- If- Promoted- they will enrol only when additional promotion is provided, 3)Never- they will never enrol in the program; whether the promotion is offered or not ( Gertler 2011). Both Gertler et.al (2008)[1] and Newman et.al (2002)[2] used the randomised promotion technique as an impact evaluation tool. In impact evaluation, Regression discontinuity design method will e used for a program that have a continuous eligibility index with a clearly defined cut-off score to determine the eligibility of the participants (Gertler 2011). In assessing the effect of social assistance program, which was funded through the Canadian Assistance plan, in Quebec, Canadain in labor market outcome, Lemieux and Milligan (2005) by using regression discontinuity design method by limiting the sample to men found that, access to greater social assistance benefits reduced employment by about 4.5 percent for men. To study the impact of school fee reduction program on school enrolment in the city of Bogota, Colombia, Barrera-Osario et.al (2007) used regression discontinuity design method and found a positive impact on school enrolment rates. Regression discontinuity design method was also used t evaluate a social safety net initiative in Jamaica. In 2001, the Government of Jamaica initiated a program namely, Program of Advancement through Health and Education (PATH), where grants was given to children in eligible poor households on the condition of regular attendance and health visits. Levy and Ohis (2007) by using regression discontinuity design found that, PATH program increased school attendance for children ages 6 to 17 by an average of 0.5 days per month. Likewise, Matinez(2004)[3] and Filmer and Schady (2009)[4] also used regression discontinuity design method to study the impact of a program. Propensity score matching method pairs each program participants with a single nonparticipant, where pairing is done on the basis of the degree of similarity in the estimated probability of participating in the program (Smith and Todd 2001). In measuring the impact of training program on trainee’s earning, Lalonde (1986) by comparing both experimental and non experimental results concluded that, non experimental methods are subjected to specification errors and also suggested to be aware while implementing these methods. Dehejia and Wahba (1998,1999) by using NSW data concluded that, matching approaches are generally more reliable thangeneral econometric estimators as they found that, matching estimators were able to produce a result which was a replicate of experimental NSW result. Smith and Todd (2005a) argued that, PSM does not solve the selection problem which was studied by Lalonde. [1] Gertler et.al (2008) evaluated the impact of a maternal and child health insurance program in Argentina. [2] Newman et.al (2002) evaluated a program where social investment fund was provided for small scale investments in education, health and water infrastructure in Bolivia. [3] Matinez(2004) studied the effect of old age pension program on consumption. [4] Filmer and Schady(2009) studied the impact of scholarship in school enrolment and testscores of poor students in Colombia.

Psychodelic Drugs Essay -- essays research papers

Psychodelic Drugs Alcohol Alcohol is one of the most widely used drugs in this society. It is accepted as a part of social life. Its use is widely promoted via sponsorship of sporting events. Advertising infers that drinking is the path to happiness, success, romance, etc. There are references to alcohol and its effects from earliest known writings. Alcohol is consumed in the beverage form and sold legally in this state to persons over 21. Alcohol is absorbed directly into the bloodstream through the stomach and small intestine. It is distributed by the blood throughout the body, affecting literally every organ it touches in a matter of minutes. Enzymes in the liver metabolize alcohol at a rate of 10-15 ml (less than one half ounce) per hour. Hence, only time can sober someone up. Coffee, cold showers, or exercise do not work. The warm glow of disinhibition, "letting go" is a major desired effect of alcohol. People feel more sociable and talkative with small amounts of the drug. Alcohol is a relaxant, so many people drink to unwind from the demands of life. Because alcohol has been around for so long, its effects are well-known. Two key concepts to understand in dealing with alcohol use and abuse are impairment and tolerance. They are both problems in themselves and signals of possible additional difficulties. IMPAIRMENT refers to the deficits in performance, judgment, memory, and motor skills which occur because of alcohol consumption. Impairment becomes noticeable at blood levels of 0.05%, which can occur when as few as two drinks are consumed in an hour by a 160 pound person. The deceptive part about impairment is that, by definition, impaired judgment cannot recognize its own impairment. The individual thinks he or she is functioning well, when actually s/he is not. Later, there is impaired memory of the impaired performance. TOLERANCE means that a drug loses some of its effect with repeated use, and that higher and higher doses are needed. It is the body's way of adapting to having a foreign substance in the system. People develop a high tolerance to alcohol when they drink a great deal over an extended length of time. "WHILE T... ...V Class C Misdemeanors some depressants1 Valium-type tranquilizers, some less potent depressants 30 days $500 SCHEDULE V Violation Dilute mixtures, compounds with small amounts of controlled drugs None $1,000 Delivery of less than five grams or possession or less than one ounce of marijuana is a violation. established mandatory evaluation, education and treatment services for those under 18 years old. If services are successfully completed, the charge will be dropped. Alcohol is an illegal drug for those under 21 years of age. For a driver under 18 ANY detectable amount of alcohol (above .00 BAC) is grounds for losing the license. That pretty much sums it up for psychodelic drugs. I hope this proved to you that if you use a psychodelic drug that you should stop, unless it is alchol because it is not as bad as LSD, pcp, or anything you have to inject or snort. So I sign out with I hope you learned something, I mean you had to you could'ent have know all of this information. Biblyography Name Year Type Microsoft Encarta 96' Encyclopedia Dartmouth collage 95' Brochure White House 97' Internet

Global Warming Essay -- Environmental Global Climate Change

Global Warming Global warming is an important factor because every one in the world but most importantly for me it will effect all of my relatives, as it is predicted that countries such as Bangladesh will be totally fooled due to global warming. Global warming interest me because the planet we live in is changing and the change that is happening will effect the way we live and how the future generations live. It has direct effects on the us and the relatives we have all over the, for ex This changes which will likely to alter the natural weather and climate patterns is largely because of human activities in the last century. Scientists believe that the Earth's surface temperature has risen by about 1 degree Fahrenheit in the past century. They also believe that most of the warming over the last 50 years is due to human activities. We have changed the amounts and the types of gases in the atmosphere. Gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide. What causes global warming? Green house effect. Gases such as Carbon dioxide are normally used to keep the earths at a temperature average level. Which is comfortable for us and the environment. How does the greenhouse effect work? As shown on the diagram the suns heat passe through the atmosphere, some of this heat is absorbed by the earth, and some of it is reflected back by the earth and the atmosphere. The heat that is released by the earth is also passed into the atmosphere, and some is reflected back into the earth and the surrounding gas. This keeps the planets temperature at a comfortable level, which allows plants, an... ...Ã… ¸ Buy energy-efficient appliances. Ã… ¸ Replace your light bulbs with compact fluorescent bulbs. Ã… ¸ Weatherise your home or apartment. Ã… ¸ Choose renewable energy. Ã… ¸ Plant more trees Ã… ¸ Change farming practices Ã… ¸ Political action What’s already being done? Ã… ¸ More efficient cars have been made, which release less pollution. For example most cars are fitted with catalytic converters. Ã… ¸ Cars can now use other forms of power, e.g. electricity, hydrogen and even cooking oil. Ã… ¸ Energy saving homes. Ã… ¸ Government laws stop big companies from producing too much pollution. Ã… ¸ Energy saving products introduced, e.g. fridges, cookers, and lights. Ã… ¸ More use of tidal, wind, solar and nuclear energy Ã… ¸ To stop people using cars more taxes. And people are advised to use public transport.

Managing Classroom Behavior :: essays research papers

Managing Classroom Behavior Managing classroom behavior can be a difficult task, especially if you have a child who is always causing disturbances. Once you have identified that there is a problem, you should ask yourself six simple questions. The first question asked is whether the problem is a result of inappropriate curriculum or teaching strategies. As teachers we have a tendency to overlook the fact that what and how we teach can contribute directly to our students behavioral problems. Secondly, ask yourself "What do I demand and prohibit - and what should I?" Teachers find it easier to specify what they will not tolerate than to specify the behavior they demand. The third question to ask is "Why do certain behaviors bother me, and what should I do about them?" As a teacher you have to decide if this is a difference in culture or upbringing and why it bothers you, is it inappropriate, is the behavior disturbing the other children? There are many things to consider when a child is acting up. As the teacher, it is your responsibility to solve these disturbances, if they are personal, you may try ignoring them, talking with them, or even living with the problem. The fourth question you need to ask your self is if this behavior is developmentally significant. Although there are other types of developmentally significant behaviors, most will fall into four primary categories: academic failure, aggression, depression, and problems with peers. The fifth question to ask is, "Should I concentrate on a behavior excess or deficiency?" A behavioral excess is something you usually want the child to stop doing.

American Literature: Pursuit of Happiness

Caitlyn Parker February 21, 2013 American Literature Essay #1 Pursuit of Happiness Comes in Many Ways In Ron Carlson’s â€Å"The Ordinary Son. † Reed discovers that what he might want in life is different than how his family lives. Reed’s family isn’t your typical scenario. His family is a â€Å"famous family,† a group of geniuses not known by their family’s last name but by each individual. The children even called their parents by their first names. They all had their own names, they were known by who they are not by the traditional way of saying, â€Å"Oh they are the Landers family. Geniuses lived not in a typical way of life. They were so focused on making the next big thing, that they never even spent family time together. Their house wasn’t full of fancy decorations, but actually quiet empty. They didn’t even have a dinner table. Geniuses weren’t social lights either, they never had people come over; they didnâ₠¬â„¢t keep up with all the tech savvy stuff either. They had no television or telephone. It was a genius household and it wasn’t to be diminished by electronic gismos. Reed accepted the way of life as a genius family.He realized that living without a telephone or refrigerator was natural for him. Didn’t even have a car. He was used to not living like society. He accepted this way of life, so simplistic and empty. He noticed that how they lived was very different than other people’s lives. He learned that society mostly was settled around two things: television and soft foods with tons of sugar. Living this way meant you didn’t sweat the small stuff, but to live for the work they do, not for things. They don’t need anything in life, just their brains full of ideas.Being in a household of geniuses is hard for Reed because he wasn’t like the rest of his family; he’s the odd one out. He didn’t spend his life trying to show off his talents or be an overachiever like his siblings. He would congratulate them and their successes but lived his life in the shadows, behind the fame. At the age of seventeen Reed discovered that the genius gene had skipped him and that at least he was smart but not going to be a genius. He was free. He felt more alive than ever. He figured that now he could do whatever he wanted, he had no obligations.These were the days for big change, to start his life the way he wanted too. He started by getting a job doing landscaping and general cleanup maintenance at a motel. He even bought a car. He began to alienate they ways of how he was raised. Reed began to live like society. He felt he was indifferent and wanted to learn from his peers. He had a friend, named Jeff who educated him on the larger things in life, like the sex department. He finally felt something to live for. He wanted to experience something so foreign to him and understand it. Reed was satisfied working a job and not takin g the high road in life.He worked hard and was making money. He didn’t weigh the little things; he just went with the flow. He didn’t need to live in the fast lane he was happy with a sweaty back and a pocketful of cash. He felt as if he was a genius in his own way. Working at the motel allowed him to start having a little life. He learned new skills and liked being able to stand up on his two feet without his family’s lights shining down on him. Reed was immersing himself in the real world. In Lorrie Moore’s â€Å"Community Life. † Olena wanted to be an English teacher and teach literature but she failed to graduate the study of it.She then transferred to library school where she was taught how to take care of books. She learned to read at a young age and loved to read. Olena learned to speak English and was taught to blend into the community at a young age. Every Saturday she would go to the library to read. She loved to go to the library, she fe lt as if she could do whatever she wanted. She became very fond of the librarian. Olena valued her mother and thanked her for teaching her English. Her parent’s wanted to give her an American life but Olena was left all alone due to a car accident when her parents died.Olena wished to start over, to be someone living in the world, hiding behind books and carefully learning voice. She missed her mother the most. The only thing to cope her pain was to work in a library surrounded by books, she loved to read and being around something you love helps her stay sane. Olena struggles with being social and brave. She likes to hide and not associate herself to the outside world. She likes libraries because there’s no who’s or whys just where is it. It’s an easy solution to escape the world around her. Olena seems very to herself, and doesn’t want to live her life like an American.She’s very stubborn when it comes to going out and living her life, she rather stay home and be isolated from the world. This makes her relationship suffer. Her partner, Nick tries to push her to connect to the community and go to events but she just argues and thinks these people are too glad-handing people who never really spoke to you but at you about their life stories. She could care less and didn’t want to associate with them. Olena lived differently than the society she began to be afraid of going out. She knew that she was a foreigner and a fool and she didn’t want to be part of it.Everything about the community was her enemy. She had become a rapist and strived to think something was wrong with her. This was a huge obstacle for her to overcome. She went through hysteria and spent her life in crisis. She hated America and tried to find herself throughout the entire process. â€Å"She was alone as a book, alone as a desk, alone as a library, alone as a pencil, alone as a catalog, alone as a number, alone as a notepad. † She had to lift herself from her loneliness to find her happiness. To be one with her parents again, searching to find herself.What is your definition of happiness? That is a good question, happiness comes in so many ways from small little gestures or an old friend saying, â€Å"You’re beautiful today. † Happiness is a word that associates with your surroundings. You would probably be happier if you just bought at new car rather than being hit by one. Your emotions play a lot into how you are feeling. You can feel happier when you see someone else smile because it makes you smile. For me, my happiness comes mostly from my family. With out my family I wouldn’t be who I am today.I’ve been through a lot of struggles while growing up and having to face problems at a young age made me become more independent on my own and stronger to face life’s hardships. When I was ten I had to live without a mother, this was very hard since she was my rock and I leaned u pon her for my every need. It was an adjustment to have to move on with my life and stay close to my older sister for guidance. Without my sister I don’t know how I would have been able to cope and succeed in my journey into adulthood. Ever since I was three years old I have loved to ice skate, skating is my escape from society it lets me free my mind.Whenever I’m down, I just think of skating and it makes me feel better. I love to skate and how it makes me feel free from anything, like I can do anything. Free as a bird. I value the little things in life, even though I never came from a rich family I have always never been forgotten. It’s great to have a few people love you tremendously rather than having no one there to support you. My dad has been a huge influence in my life because he has always been there for me, he would do anything for me and it’s great to know you have someone to count on.He has taught me so much and gave me his artist talents as w ell. Since I was little I have loved to draw, being creative is my section nature. I can do it in my sleep. I’m very passionate about being artistic; through generations my whole family has some kind of artistic ability. My grandfather was a painter, photographer, my grandmother knitted and sewed like a seamstress, my dad was an illustrator, drawer, my mom was a watercolor artist, and my aunt was a graphic designer, printmaker. It’s in my blood to be talented in the arts.I have always been passionate when it comes to making something beautiful and done from the hand. Life seems so much easier when you can make something from your heart. You can never buy something so eternally special. Being surrounded by loving people is a huge inspiration because they are your support group and when you feel down you just look to these people and they will always motivate you and push you in the direction you want to go in. In the future I hope to see myself becoming a designer.I lov e the thought of me opening up my own brand and starting a clothing line. I have always thought of myself becoming famous someday. My goals for myself is to finish school with honors and graduating with a degree in Graphic Design then continuing to complete my associates in Interior Design. Then after college start to work for a magazine or firm to get some experience and do logos, websites, etc. I think to maintain my happiness I just need to keep skating and don’t settle for a day job.I want to schedule my own hours and do work that will be something I enjoy rather than sitting at a desk all day being miserable. I also have always wanted to travel the world to get inspiration and if I follow my dreams, happiness will stay with me till I past. My purpose of life is to have fun and fulfill my wishes, if I don’t I will regret my life choices and be miserable for the rest of my life. If I keep up the hard work, my life will be complete and I will feel satisfied. Happines s is the way of life if your not happy then your not making your life have a purpose.Being able to use my imagination helps me cope with society, now a days everything is digitalized and electronic that my mind wants to explode. For me, I always have to step away from the computer and relax my mind. I love to do yoga and mediate it helps me become one with my body and it’s a reliever of stress. I also keep a journal to jot down notes or ideas that I might come across at random times. It helps me stay true to myself and when I’m having a bad day I just look in it and re-read silly things I wrote and it makes me feel better. I always feel happy when I’m being silly and just being myself.

An Analysis on Alfred Hitchcock and His Film Psycho Essay

In the â€Å"shower scene† in Alfred Hitchcock’s movie, the amount of blood that flowed can be considered in contemporary times as nothing short of artistry or a sense of tastefulness in the viewer’s understanding. However, during the 1960’s, the â€Å"shower scene† is considered unreasonable or gratuitous, giving the scene the impression that it depicts too much unsolicited violence. For those who look upon the â€Å"shower scene† as one of Hitchcock’s attempt of revolutionizing films, the scene can be treated as one that reflects the perception of the time in which the film was conceived. Apparently, the â€Å"shower scene† amongst the number of hair-raising scenes in the film further reflects the 1960s social upheaval that grew in the west, including the United States. Another violent scene in the movie is the one that showed Detective Milton Arbogast being slashed to a bloody death after he was pushed off from the height of the stairs. The murder of the private detective in the movie Psycho, as well as the â€Å"shower scene†, can be taken to mean as two of the social upheavals that burst in the 1960s American society, revolutionizing the way in which movie scenes are crafted especially the way in which they portray violence, sexuality, and language. Hitchcock generally worked and directed movies that fall under the thriller genre by imprinting upon formulaic movies his famed idiosyncratic touches. The manner in which Hitchcock worked as a crucial part of the filmmaking process largely contributed in â€Å"propelling him to the status of an auteur†. Hitchcock even â€Å"ordered and manipulated the shade of blonde he was looking for in Grace Kelly’s hair† in one of the films (Martin & Wikstrom, 2001, p. 20). What enabled Hitchcock to â€Å"cut in the camera† is his attitude of working out the details of the film in advance, which eventually corresponds to the unswervingly stumpy ratio of film really utilized in the finishing cut to the film shot during the entire shoot. Having worked out everything in advance, he worked quickly and economically. A minimal set of editing was the result of his working attitude, hence the term â€Å"cutting in the camera. † The fact that Hitchcock planned every detail in advance oftentimes led to bore him during the actual shooting of the film. To fend off languor in the course of the actual filming progression, he would customarily commence labor on the storyboards for his coming film project (Martin & Wikstrom, 2001, p. 21). â€Å"When all the interesting film-makers—those who were referred to as â€Å"auteurs† by the Cahiers du Cinema in 1955, before the term was distorted—concealed themselves behind various characters in their movies. Alfred Hitchcock achieved a real tour de force† that established his status further as an auteur (Ray, 2001, p. 38). Hitchcock’s most popular films include Vertigo, Psycho, Rear Window, and The Birds which reflected his story telling methods and skills which were renowned for their witty plots, intelligent dialogues and the fusion of mystery and murder. With this respect, Hitchcock’s name became commonly attributed to the thriller genre as he created revolutions in that aspect of filmmaking. Part of the reason to this, apart from the fact that it was the genre he centrally focused on, is his skill which he exhibits during the course of the film which can be observed in his treatment of the subject in line with the shots he utilizes and on how he is able to fuse them altogether (Truffaut & Scott, 2003, p. 346). One illustration to this is shown in one of his famed screen moments. The terrifying shower scene in the film Psycho featured 70 unique shots in just a matter of 1 minute. The numbers of shots were combined altogether in such a manner that one will find a difficult time seeking the distinction between the montage and the mise-en-scene (Nickens, 1995, p. 110). A considerable number of movies made by Hitchcock contained fleeting cameo appearances by the director himself such as a Hitchcock being seen for a brief period boarding a bus, standing in an apartment across the length of a courtyard, appearing in photographs in the scenes, or by simply crossing in front of an edifice. This seemingly playful act eventually became labeled as one of the Hitchcock signatures in films. Further, Hitchcock himself would carry a musical instrument in one of the scenes in the film as a recurring theme (Martin & Wikstrom, 2001, p. 23). The fact that these varied elements are included in the movies of Hitchcock signifies the fact that Hitchcock had a very huge role in the filmmaking process and that this monumental role extends his personality right into the theme of the movie. Since film producers have a significant trust on Hitchcock, he was able to freely include these elements either in a subtle or in an obvious manner. The constant inclusion of these personal elements in the many movies of Hitchcock eventually molded an image uniquely his own. Hence, it became inevitable that the movies highlighting these elements were immediately attributed to Hitchcock thereby creating the director-image of Hitchcock as an auteur (Sarris, 2002, p. 29). Considering all of the characteristics of Hitchcock, his crucial role in the movies he created, the inclusion of the elements in the movies which reflect his personality and lifestyle as well as the role of the scholars in carefully assessing his impact of his personal touches in the movies, it can be said that Hitchcock indeed is an auteur in the strictest sense of the word. Although arguments can be raised against the role of the director as an auteur in the filming of the movies, it remains a fact that Hitchcock had an immense weight of participation prior to, during , and even after the filmmaking process. Part of the arguments against it is the claim that several other factors must also be considered and the merit should not solely belong to the director. As with the case of the seemingly lesser roles in the movies, the collective efforts of all the participants excluding the participation of the director when combined altogether essentially posits a substantial bearing in the creation of the film. In conclusion, the factors which are attributed to the delegation of the status of an auteur to Hitchcock should not be looked upon as a means to ignore the relative importance of the role of the rest of the crew involved in film production. Rather, the role of Hitchcock as an auteur should be noted as a form of a proper authority in guiding the direction of the film. On the other hand, the distinction between an auteur and the other roles in the film production should be taken as an informal relationship which defines the structure of the outcome of the movie. This is the point where Hitchcock himself leads the way not only as a director but also as the auteur. Not surprisingly, Alfred Hitchcock techniques are indeed innovative during his life where a considerable number of his films manifested his ingenuity in the film industry. Especially in his film Psycho, Hitchcock’s style in directing the film is manifested through his fitting use of musical scores and backgrounds in the proper timing and scene. His approach in Psycho manifest the fact that Hitchcock is only one of the few who was able to reshape the film industry and contribute significantly to its quality and style. References Martin, G. , & Wikstrom, P. (2001). Alfred Hitchcock and the Golden Days of Radio. In The Alfred Hitchcock Presents Companion (1st ed. , pp. 20-23): O T R Pub. Nickens, C. (1995).Psycho: Behind the Scenes of the Classic Thriller (1st ed. ): Harmony. Ray, R. B. (2001). The Bordwell Regime and the Stakes of Knowledge. In How a Film Theory Got Lost and Other Mysteries in Cultural Studies (pp. 38-39). Indiana: Indiana University Press. Sarris, A. (2002). The Auteur Theory Revisited. In V. W. Wexman (Ed. ), Film and Authorship (pp. 27-29). New Jersey: Rutgers University Press. Truffaut, F. , & Scott, H. Hitchcock’s Final Years. In 2003 (Ed. ), The Definitive Study of Alfred Hitchcock (Revised ed. , pp. 346). New York: Gallimard.

Effects of Colonization on the New World

The effects of colonization on the New World have been a controversial topic for some time. Many historians have debated for centuries about how good or bad colonization was and there are many different aspects that you must look at. Even after all this time the question still stands, unanswered, what is the impact of colonization on the New World. The first thing that the colonists did that had an impact on the New World was trading goods with the Indians. The natives were so unaccustomed to all the new items important and fickle that they would â€Å"give valuable things for trifles† just because they didn’t know.More importantly, however, was the introduction tools and weapons. All the natives were lacking and unaccustomed to every type of iron and weapon that the explorers had brought. This had a large impact on the new world because with the new implementation of these new tools the inhabitants could now work more efficiently and protect themselves better. Tools an d weapons were not the only important items that the explorers introduced to the natives that had a great impact. When explorers arrived at some parts of the new world they realized â€Å" they have no fruit trees nor do they know of such.†When colonists them implemented fruit trees and plants it created a new, more convenient, way of producing and gathering food. Furthermore, the natives of the new world were unfamiliar with fishing. The introduction of this concept also created an easier and much more reliable food source to help the Americas grow and become more advanced. Not everybody agrees that colonization was a positive thing for the New World. The Spaniards in particular caused major damage to the New World.â€Å"Among these gentle sheep†¦ the Spaniards entered†¦ like wolves, tigers, and lions which had been starving for many days† not only did they enter and kill people to establish dominance but over 500,000 were killed from being transported to Hi spaniola. All over the country native populations were wiped by new explorers. Not all of the colonists were hostile towards the natives either. Chief Powhatan even composes a speech requesting a friendship of sorts with the natives. He implores that the colonists â€Å"sleep comfortably, live quietly with my women and children.†This shows that the Indians believe the colonists to be people of reason and good deeds if he is wishing to have an alliance with them. He even goes on to say that he wishes to be friends and trade copper and hatchets together. The disease and transportation also didn’t cause a decline in population across the board either. â€Å"Some Indian groups are more populous today than in 1492. † And more importantly we must look at what Columbus and the explorers did as a whole; they created â€Å"the single most important event in the emergence of our modern sense that we are all together living on one planet.†In other, more understandab le terms, they brought everybody together as a whole. Lastly, there is a major misconception that must be put straight. People believe that Indians were poor and un-evolved across the whole border. This however is not the case. The city of Tenochtitlan is a great example of this. For one, the city was so advanced they had a ruler who everybody worshiped religiously. He is so highly regarded that when he is addressed people do not look him in the eyes as a sign of respect. Secondly, the city of Tenochtitlan was highly decorated with precious metals and stones.â€Å"Every object†¦imitated in gold, silver, precious stones, and feathers. † In conclusion, the New World had many positive impacts as a result of colonization for the Old World. The colonists brought many useful tools and weapons along with new crops for farming and food gathering strategies like fishing. Along with that colonists made some alliances with natives and by doing so brought the whole world closer and more connected as a whole. Of course there are negative impacts but at the conclusion of it all the ends do justify the means. Effects of Colonization on the New World The effects of colonization on the New World have been a controversial topic for some time. Many historians have debated for centuries about how good or bad colonization was and there are many different aspects that you must look at. Even after all this time the question still stands, unanswered, what is the impact of colonization on the New World. The first thing that the colonists did that had an impact on the New World was trading goods with the Indians. The natives were so unaccustomed to all the new items important and fickle that they would â€Å"give valuable things for trifles† just because they didn’t know.More importantly, however, was the introduction tools and weapons. All the natives were lacking and unaccustomed to every type of iron and weapon that the explorers had brought. This had a large impact on the new world because with the new implementation of these new tools the inhabitants could now work more efficiently and protect themselves better. Tools an d weapons were not the only important items that the explorers introduced to the natives that had a great impact. When explorers arrived at some parts of the new world they realized â€Å" they have no fruit trees nor do they know of such.†When colonists them implemented fruit trees and plants it created a new, more convenient, way of producing and gathering food. Furthermore, the natives of the new world were unfamiliar with fishing. The introduction of this concept also created an easier and much more reliable food source to help the Americas grow and become more advanced. Not everybody agrees that colonization was a positive thing for the New World. The Spaniards in particular caused major damage to the New World.â€Å"Among these gentle sheep†¦ the Spaniards entered†¦ like wolves, tigers, and lions which had been starving for many days† not only did they enter and kill people to establish dominance but over 500,000 were killed from being transported to Hi spaniola. All over the country native populations were wiped by new explorers. Not all of the colonists were hostile towards the natives either. Chief Powhatan even composes a speech requesting a friendship of sorts with the natives. He implores that the colonists â€Å"sleep comfortably, live quietly with my women and children.†This shows that the Indians believe the colonists to be people of reason and good deeds if he is wishing to have an alliance with them. He even goes on to say that he wishes to be friends and trade copper and hatchets together. The disease and transportation also didn’t cause a decline in population across the board either. â€Å"Some Indian groups are more populous today than in 1492. † And more importantly we must look at what Columbus and the explorers did as a whole; they created â€Å"the single most important event in the emergence of our modern sense that we are all together living on one planet.†In other, more understandab le terms, they brought everybody together as a whole. Lastly, there is a major misconception that must be put straight. People believe that Indians were poor and un-evolved across the whole border. This however is not the case. The city of Tenochtitlan is a great example of this. For one, the city was so advanced they had a ruler who everybody worshiped religiously. He is so highly regarded that when he is addressed people do not look him in the eyes as a sign of respect. Secondly, the city of Tenochtitlan was highly decorated with precious metals and stones.â€Å"Every object†¦imitated in gold, silver, precious stones, and feathers. † In conclusion, the New World had many positive impacts as a result of colonization for the Old World. The colonists brought many useful tools and weapons along with new crops for farming and food gathering strategies like fishing. Along with that colonists made some alliances with natives and by doing so brought the whole world closer and more connected as a whole. Of course there are negative impacts but at the conclusion of it all the ends do justify the means.

How Does Golding Present Simon in Lord of the Flies-What Is His Role? Essay

William Goldings â€Å"Lord of the flies†, portrays a group of boys who find themselves stranded on a desert island in a deep battle between civilisation and primitive savagery. One of the boys portrayed, Simon, a boy who is kind and physically fragile expresses a deeper knowledge of the problems on the island that the other boys are unaware of. There are many differing viewpoints on his role in the novel. One of these is that he is a biblical parallel; Simon portrays a saintly figure, and shows many of the qualities demonstrated by Jesus Christ. He demonstrates a strong connection with nature throughout, and also is shown to be a character of strong goodwill and kindness. One of the reasons Simon is often thought of as a biblical parallel to Jesus Christ is because of his encounter with â€Å"The beast†, which shows a strong resemblance to Jesus’ 40 days in the desert, in which he encountered the Devil and was tempted by him to leave his mission. In â€Å"Lord of the Flies†, Simon meets the beast during an epileptic fit. His mind, or the Beast tells him â€Å"We are going to have fun on this island†¦so don’t try it on†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . Simon is being told that he must not tell the others what he knows, that they must have fun and Simon must not interfere, but he must just â€Å"run off and play†. The name â€Å"Lord of the Flies† is a translation of a word thought to mean a powerful demon, or the devil himself. This shows that Simon may have represented Jesus in the novel. Simon’s death also shows resemblance to that of Jesus, which shows us that Simon may be Christ’s representation in the novel. ‘Simon was crying out something of a dead man on a hill. ‘ This imagery is displayed just before Simon is mercilessly slaughtered by the other boys, a direct link to the image of Jesus’ crucifixion on the top of a hill. After Christ was killed, it was said that ‘There was darkness over all the land†¦and the earth did quake, and the rocks rent.’ These supernatural biblical descriptions recount the solar eclipse and the earthquake which took place after Jesus’ death. This relates to the death of Simon; ‘The clouds opened and let down the rain like a waterfall’, signifying his death. When Jesus was crucified, he died to save mankind. This relates to Simon confronting the figure on the mountaintop. When he died â€Å"the parachute took the figure forward†¦and bumped it out to sea†. When Simon died, the dead air pilot was finally  released from his purgatorial state on the island, and as Jesus died and salvaged mankind, Simon died and exorcised the soul who lingered between life and death, and between heaven and hell. This shows us that Simon had many strong parallels with Jesus and may have been his biblical parallel in the novel. Simon is a representation of hope and innocence on the island, and has a strong and vital connection with nature. In the novel, Simon has a special place in the forest where he can go and sit alone, at one with his surroundings. â€Å"The sunlight pelted down and the butterflies danced.† This description indicates that this place where Simon often resides is almost paradisiacal, and Simon is able to appreciate the true beauty of the island; it’s beauty is not thwarted by his presence, as it is with the other boys. Simon has a strong connection with the island and with nature itself. Simon is able to see the true beauty in the things that others cannot. The ‘creepers’, which had once hindered the boys and were previously referred to as ‘snake-like’, aid him and form ‘a large mat’. This shows his unity with nature. When Simon ventures into the forest the white ‘candle buds’ open themselves up, which and returned to peaceful place that he came from. Simon is connected with nature throughout the novel, but is only truly at one with it when he dies. The body of the dead airman being pulled out to sea could also symbolise Simons soul being finally released from the confines of life and returning to nature where it belongs. Simon’s true sense of pure goodwill is first demonstrated in his expressed concern for the more vulnerable boys. He help the littluns to get fruit, and ‘pulled off the choicest from up in the foliage, passed them back down to the endless, outstretched hands’. He also helps Piggy to get his glasses back when Jack has knocked them off, showing that he does not discriminate against Piggy because he is different but chooses to help him, even if this may cause him to suffer in the future. These may indicate that Simon, though other characters may be thought of as â€Å"good† and kind, such as Piggy or Ralph, Simon shows no flaws at all. Simon possesses a deep knowledge and understanding about the truth of the island and the beast of which the other boys know not. He also seems to posses many mystic qualities. He is the first to understand truly that the beast is not a physical or material being, but something that lives within the boys. Unlike piggy or Ralph, who are able to appreciate adult knowledge and understanding, Simon possesses  the ability to see the darker side of knowledge. For Simon, the eyes of the Pig’s head on the stick are â€Å"dim with the infinite cynicism of adult life†, meaning that adults believe nothing is ideal, therefore his realisation in itself is cynical– the beast lives within the children, making Simon distrust the human nature. He knows the truth but is unable to get it across to the other boys; â€Å"Simon became inarticulate in his effort to express mankind’s’ essential illness†. Simon understands the truth behind the beast- that the beast itself thrives within the boys, is not something living that can be hunted, but is mankind’s â€Å"essential illness†, the evil that lurks within all men, waiting to be released. The fact that Simon is â€Å"inarticulate† shows that he is unable to express the truth to the others, and even if he had, the boys would not have listened or cared. His death relates to the elements- his knowledge is elemental . Golding shows us the significance of his death by shifting the focus from the movements of Simon’s body to the movements of the sun, the moon and the stars, inciting that Simon’s knowledge was as essential as the elements themselves. However, even though he is portrayed as a weak character right from the beginning, Simon is much braver than he seems; he is the one who climbs the mountain to encounter â€Å"the beast†, at which he discovers that the beast is not material. Simon possesses a number of mystical qualities, such as his pathetic abilities. Simon prophesizes to Ralph â€Å"you’ll get back to where you came from†, almost indicating that he may not. Simon foresees his own death and predicts that Ralph will ret urn home. Another way in which Simon’s mystical qualities are shown is when he asks the other boys rhetorical questions which require much thought to answer, such as â€Å"what is the dirtiest thing there is?† All of these indicate that Simon is a mystic and possesses a much deeper and darker knowledge than the other boys. To conclude, Golding’s presentation of Simon shows us his biblical parallel with Jesus and his significant unity with nature, which lets Simon see the true beauty of the island where others cannot, indicating that it is not the island that is against them but that the boys are against the island, truly centralised around destruction and savagery. He represents Hope and bravery and has a deep and perhaps dark knowledge, which enables him to perceive the truth much more clearly than the other boys. He also has a flawless good will. This shows us that Simon’s true role in the novel was that he alone  had the power to save the boys from themselves, for he alone had the knowledge of the beast’s true nature. Simon was killed because of this, however he was killed as the beast – yet it is ironic that he said the beast was â€Å"only us†. Simon was the least beast-like, which makes one wonder whether him being less savage makes him more or less human.